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  • Founded Date julio 31, 1945
  • Sectors Nutrición
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Company Description

Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation business specializing in Internet services and artificial intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (via Baidu Search), and offers a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).

Besides its core web search organization, Baidu has actually diversified into a number of high-growth areas. The business is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies worldwide to provide a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation designs, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is included in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually progressively focused on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early development

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing much better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received an US patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first search engine that used links to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a website based on how numerous other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for ad space then pay Baidu each time a customer clicked an advertisement, predating Google’s approach to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news search engine and picture online search engine, adopting a special recognition technology efficient in recognizing and organizing the posts. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides showing certain outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s very first regular service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would coordinate with Sina to offer mobile search engine result. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar employees manage their service relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu selected Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company launched a Brazilian variation of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a bid to assist drive the advancement of autonomous automobiles including automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to introduce this task in July 2017, before slowly introducing totally self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to invest in as many as 100 self-governing driving projects over the taking place 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was also released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle industry suppliers, on automated driving and connected automobiles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to act as the business’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several various languages. Smaller than a common mobile phone, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 nations. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be placing expert system (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its very first yearly Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, employees, partners, developers, and media to talk about the business’s mission and technique, innovation developments, new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” portion of its abroad company, which developed a series of utility apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This organization now runs separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong given that JD.com’s noting the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a new Robocar principle stated to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external surroundings to supply predictive ideas to proactively serve the needs of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric automobile company originally backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first idea ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production automobile. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical car platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language model Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a more recent version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had finished six million rides using driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the appropriate site unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were met a page stating “This website has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on introduced legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff altered the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed person, in spite of stopping working security verification procedures. Once the address had been altered, the person had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent directly to them, permitting them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]

Baidu employees detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three workers of Baidu were jailed on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The allurements were apparently spent for deleting posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app shop, but it has actually been reported that the app shop faces privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a conclusive merger agreement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally means “a hundred times”, or additionally, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched numerous times in the crowd, all of a sudden reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary marketing item is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows marketers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results page pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are also based on payments by advertisers. This has triggered criticism and hesitation amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues regarding dependability of Baidu results. Often as many as the very first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu offers its marketing products through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business established a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu need to have a registered business address either in China or in defined East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu played down its benefit from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.

It is likewise obvious that Baidu is trying to get in the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese version of the worldwide social media, handled by Baidu. [79] This plan, if performed, would deal with off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for an evaluation of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have utilized anticompetitive strategies in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise understood as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has started to purchase deep knowing research and is integrating brand-new deep learning innovation into some of its apps and products, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live requested a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” innovation. This innovation immediately scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and acknowledges and removes material that might break copyright law. This enables Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they acquired licenses from China to provide the very first driverless taxis. The company objective to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 self-governing automobiles set to start offering rides to guests within a 23-square-mile area in suburban start starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it performs in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu has the right to block works from its query results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a claim that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu started coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet police departments to spot info related to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with informs dispelling false information.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, huge information and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, along with other Internet business, to “carry out unique guidance” on news and info associated to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results apparently added to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old college student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the health center had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The incident triggered huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a team of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement earnings, much of which originates from for-profit healthcare facilities that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of across the nation founded by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose several restrictions on Baidu, including adding disclaimers to advertising content and establishing channels for problems about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online neighborhood, one of the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will entirely stop business cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public well-being companies. In action to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that personal hospitals have actually gone into a period of market transformation and upgrading, and are neither based on publishing bar ads nor depending on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s decision will not have an unfavorable effect on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary company, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running income boosting background programs on user gadgets because a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of six recognized applications developed by the business, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking on web ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase revenue generated by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user ranking of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese sites that were banned or blocked in India for nationwide security factors. [119]

2024 head of interactions controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered major reactions throughout the Chinese social networks for backing hazardous workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a colleague to be on a 50-day company journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually excited even more conversations amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu freely apologized after the incident and has actually apparently lost her task. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual home in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smartphones”.